Acaroses (scabies, "itchy scabies")

Acarosis is the common name for diseases caused by parasitic mites. The clinical picture is similar for all diseases, although caused by different parasitic mites. In the various acaroses there is often scabies, itching, but the most characteristic manifestation of any acarosis is the appearance of balding, hairless, featherless patches that spread increasingly over the body. Crusts on the skin, its coarsening may also be observed.

Types of acarosis

Depending on the causative agent of acarosis, more precisely the parasite mite that caused it, the following diseases are distinguished:

Notoedrosis.

Notoedrosis is caused by mites of the genus N.cati; for rabbits - N.cuniculi and for mice and rats - N. Muris. Muris. These mite parasites live and multiply in the thickness of the epidermis.

Demodecosis.

Caused by mites of the genus Demodex. In cattle, the disease is caused by the mite D. bovis; in sheep, D. ovis; in goats, D. caprae; in horses, D. equi; in pigs, D. suis; in deer, D. cervi; in dogs, D. canis; in cats, D. cati; in rabbits, D. cuniculi; in humans, D. folliculorum and D. cuniculi. Folliculorum and D.brevis. These mites are species-specific, parasitising hair follicles and sebaceous glands.

- Otodectosis.

Caused by the mite Otodectes cynotis, which parasitises the ear drum of carnivorous animals (dogs, cats, foxes, foxes, ferrets, etc.).

- Cheiletiellosis.

There are more than 150 species. The following pathogens are relevant for domestic animals: in dogs - Cheyletidae jascuri; in cats - Ch.blakei; in rabbits - Ch.parasitivorax. They live on the skin surface, feed on lymph.

- Psoroptosis.

Caused by mites of the genus Psoroptes. Cattle are parasitised by P.bovis; sheep by P.ovis; horses, donkeys, mules by P.equi; rabbits by P.cuniculi; goats by P.caprae. Mite parasites live and reproduce on the skin, feed on lymph and serous exudate.

- Sarcoptosis.

Caused by the mites Sarcoptes bovis(cattle), S.equi(horses), S.ovis(sheep), S.caprae(goats), S.cameli(camel), S.suis(pigs), S. tarandiranqiferi(pigs), S. tarandiranqiferi(deer), S.cuniculi(rabbits), S.canis(dogs), S.vulpis(foxes), S.cati(cats).Parasitise in the epidermal layer of the skin. Sarcoptosis mites are species specific. However, when transferred to humans can cause short-term "pseudorabies".

- Chorioptosis.

Caused by the mites Chorioptes bovis (cattle), Ch.equi (horses), Ch.cuniculi (rabbits), Ch.caprae (goats), Ch.ovis (sheep). These mites are localised on the skin surface and feed on epidermal scales and dry crusts ("skin-eaters").

Knemidocoptosis.

There are seven species, of which two Knemidocoptes gallinae and Kn.mutans cause serious disease in poultry. The former parasitises at the base of the body feathers and the latter in the thick under scales of the leg epidermis.

Epidermoptosis is a parasitic disease of birds caused by feather mites of the Epidermoptidae family. There are two known causative agents of this disease E.bilobatus and Rivoltasia bifurcata. These parasites live under the scales of the epidermis, at the base of feathers, among the down, but not in the feathers.

Syringophilosis is a disease of birds caused by parasitic mites of the family Syringophilidae. The mites are found in the ochine cavity of the large contoured feathers of the body and wings.
To make an accurate diagnosis, a scraping of the affected skin areas is taken.

To treat these diseases, depending on the species of animal, various local and systemic acaricidal and insectoacaricidal preparations are used. An important role is played by the prevention of infection by itch mites. currently, for cats and dogs, insectoacaricidal drops on the withers are used for prevention, and collar sprays are additionally used.

For farm animals, the choice of preventive preparations is greater than for cats and dogs. It includes group treatments with insectoacaricidal preparations using special sprayers, giving special preparations orally, as well as injectable forms of preparations, which provide long-term protection against the above-mentioned parasites.
It is also necessary to pay sufficient attention to the premises where farm animals are kept and to treat the premises in a timely and correct manner.